ACM Seminar
The Applied and Computational Mathematics (ACM) seminar series since 2020.
Click HERE for the schedule.
Stoichiometric model for the microtubule-mediated dynamics of centrosome and nucleus
Speaker: Yuan-Nan Young (New Jersey Institute of Technology)
The Stoichiometric Model for the interaction of centrosomes with cortically anchored pulling motors, through their associated microtubules (MTs), has been applied to study key steps in the cell division such as spindle positioning and elongation. In this work we extend the original Stoichiometric Model to incorporate (1) overlap in the cortical motors, and (2) the dependence of velocity in the detachment rate of MTs from the cortical motors. We examine the effects of motor overlap and velocity-dependent detachment rate on the centrosome dynamics, such as the radial oscillation around the geometric center of the cell, the nonlinear nature (supercritical and subcritical Hopf bifurcation) of such oscillation, and the nonlinear orbital motions previously found for a centrosome. We explore biologically feasible parameter regimes where these effects may lead to significantly different centrosome/nucleus dynamics. Furthermore we use this extended Stoichiometric Model to study the migration of a nucleus being positioned by a centrosome. This is joint work with Justin Maramuthal, Reza Farhadifar and Michael Shelley.
Time: December 8, 2023 2:30pm-3:30pm
Location: Virtually via Zoom
Host: Paula Vasquez
Primitive equations: mathematical analysis and machine learning algorithm
Speaker: Quyuan Lin (Clemson University)
Large scale dynamics of the ocean and the atmosphere are governed by the primitive equations (PE). In this presentation, I will first review the derivation of the PE and some well-known results for this model, including well-posedness of the viscous PE and ill-posedness of the inviscid PE. The focus will then shift to discussing singularity formation and the stability of singularities for the inviscid PE, as well as the effect of fast rotation (Coriolis force) on the lifespan of the analytic solutions. Finally, I will talk about a machine learning algorithm, the physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), for solving the viscous PE, and its rigorous error estimate.
Time: November 17, 2023 2:30pm-3:30pm
Location: LeConte 440
Host: Changhui Tan
Sticky particles with sticky boundary: well-posedness and asymptotic behavior
Speaker: Adrian Tudorascu (West Virginia University)
We study Zeldovich's Sticky-Particles system when the evolution is confined to arbitrary closed subsets of the real line. Only the sticky boundary condition leads to a rigorous formulation of the initial value problem, whose well-posedness is proved under the Oleinik and initial strong continuity of energy conditions. For solutions confined to compact sets a long-time asymptotic limit is shown to exist.
Time: October 27, 2023 2:30pm-3:30pm
Location: LeConte 440
Host: Changhui Tan
Randomized tensor-network algorithms for random data in high-dimensions
Speaker: Yuehaw Khoo (University of Chicago)
Tensor-network ansatz has long been employed to solve the high-dimensional Schrödinger equation, demonstrating linear complexity scaling with respect to dimensionality. Recently, this ansatz has found applications in various machine learning scenarios, including supervised learning and generative modeling, where the data originates from a random process. In this talk, we present a new perspective on randomized linear algebra, showcasing its usage in estimating a density as a tensor-network from i.i.d. samples of a distribution, without the curse of dimensionality, and without the use of optimization techniques. Moreover, we illustrate how this concept can combine the strengths of particle and tensor-network methods for solving high-dimensional PDEs, resulting in enhanced flexibility for both approaches.
Time: December 1, 2023 3:40pm-4:40pm
Location: LeConte 440
Host: Wuchen Li
Hybrid quantum classical algorithms
Speaker: Xiantao Li (Pennsylvania State University)
Quantum computing has recently emerged as a potential tool for large-scale scientific computing. In sharp contrast to their classical counterparts, quantum computers use qubits that can exist in superposition, potentially offering exponential speedup for many computational problems. Current quantum devices are noisy and error-prone, and in near term, a hybrid approach is more appropriate. I will discuss this hybrid framework using three examples: quantum machine learning, quantum algorithms for density-functional theory and quantum optimal control. In particular, this talk will outline how quantum algorithms can be interfaced with a classical method, the convergence properties and the overall complexity.
Time: November 3, 2023 2:30pm-3:30pm
Location: LeConte 440
Host: Yi Sun
A bilevel optimization approach for inverse mean-field games
Speaker: Jiajia Yu (Duke University)
Mean-field games study the Nash Equilibrium in a non-cooperative game with infinitely many agents. Most existing works study solving the Nash Equilibrium with given cost functions. However, it is not always straightforward to obtain these cost functions. On the contrary, it is often possible to observe the Nash Equilibrium in real-world scenarios. In this talk, I will discuss a bilevel optimization approach for solving inverse mean-field game problems, i.e., identifying the cost functions that drive the observed Nash Equilibrium. With the bilevel formulation, we retain the essential characteristics of convex objective and linear constraint in the forward problem. This formulation permits us to solve the problem using a gradient-based optimization algorithm with a nice convergence guarantee. We focus on inverse mean-field games with unknown obstacles and unknown metrics and establish the numerical stability of these two inverse problems. In addition, we prove and numerically verify the unique identifiability for the inverse problem with unknown obstacles. This is a joint work with Quan Xiao (RPI), Rongjie Lai (Purdue) and Tianyi Chen (RPI).
Time: October 6, 2023 3:40pm-4:40pm
Location: LeConte 440
Host: Wuchen Li
Entropy dissipation for general Langevin dynamics and its application
Speaker: Qi Feng (Florida State University)
In this talk, I will discuss long-time dynamical behaviors of Langevin dynamics, including Langevin dynamics on Lie groups and mean-field underdamped Langevin dynamics. We provide unified Hessian matrix conditions for different drift and diffusion coefficients. This matrix condition is derived from the dissipation of a selected Lyapunov functional, namely the auxiliary Fisher information functional. We verify the proposed matrix conditions in various examples. I will also talk about the application in distribution sampling and optimization. This talk is based on several joint works with Erhan Bayraktar and Wuchen Li.
Time: September 29, 2023 3:40pm-4:40pm
Location: LeConte 440
Host: Wuchen Li
High order spatial discretization for variational time implicit schemes: Wasserstein gradient flows and reaction-diffusion systems
Speaker: Guosheng Fu (University of Notre Dame)
We design and compute first-order implicit-in-time variational schemes with high-order spatial discretization for initial value gradient flows in generalized optimal transport metric spaces. We first review some examples of gradient flows in generalized optimal transport spaces from the Onsager principle. We then use a one-step time relaxation optimization problem for time-implicit schemes, namely generalized Jordan-Kinderlehrer-Otto schemes. Their minimizing systems satisfy implicit-in-time schemes for initial value gradient flows with first-order time accuracy. We adopt the first-order optimization scheme ALG2 (Augmented Lagrangian method) and high-order finite element methods in spatial discretization to compute the one-step optimization problem. This allows us to derive the implicit-in-time update of initial value gradient flows iteratively. We remark that the iteration in ALG2 has a simple-to-implement point-wise update based on optimal transport and Onsager's activation functions. The proposed method is unconditionally stable for convex cases. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methods in two-dimensional PDEs, including Wasserstein gradient flows, Fisher--Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov equation, and two and four species reversible reaction-diffusion systems. This is a joint work with Stanley Osher from UCLA and Wuchen Li from U. South Carolina.
Time: September 22, 2023 3:40pm-4:40pm
Location: LeConte 440
Host: Wuchen Li
Structure-driven algorithm design in reliable and multi-agent machine learning
Speaker: Tianyi Lin (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
Reliable and multi-agent machine learning has seen tremendous achievements in recent years; yet, the translation from minimization models to min-max optimization models and/or variational inequality models --- two of the basic formulations for reliable and multi-agent machine learning --- is not straightforward. In fact, finding an optimal solution of either nonconvex-nonconcave min-max optimization models or nonmonotone variational inequality models is computationally intractable in general. Fortunately, there exist special structures in many application problems, allowing us to define reasonable optimality criterion and develop simple and provably efficient algorithmic schemes. In this talk, I will present the results on structure-driven algorithm design in reliable and multi-agent machine learning. More specifically, I explain why the nonconvex-concave min-max formulations make sense for reliable machine learning and show how to analyze the simple and widely used two-timescale gradient descent ascent by exploiting such special structure. I also show how a simple and intuitive adaptive scheme leads to a class of optimal second-order variational inequality methods. Finally, I discuss two future research directions for reliable and multi-agent machine learning with potential for significant practical impacts: reliable multi-agent learning and reliable topic modeling.
Time: September 1, 2023 2:30pm-3:30pm
Location: LeConte 440
Host: Wuchen Li
Weak solutions of the 1D Euler Alignment system: wellposedness and limiting configurations
Speaker: Trevor Leslie (University of Southern California)
The Euler Alignment system is a hydrodynamic PDE version of the celebrated Cucker-Smale ODE's of collective behavior. Together with Changhui Tan, we developed a theory of weak solutions in 1D, which provide a uniquely determined way to evolve the dynamics after a blowup. Inspired by Brenier and Grenier's work on the pressureless Euler equations, we show that the dynamics of our system are captured by a nonlocal scalar balance law. We generate the unique entropy solution of a discretization of this balance law by introducing the "sticky particle Cucker-Smale" system to track the shock locations. Our approximation scheme for the density converges in the Wasserstein metric; it does so with a quantifiable rate as long as the initial velocity is at least Holder continuous. In this talk, we will discuss the limiting configurations, or "flocking states," that arise in this system, and how to predict them from the initial data.
Time: April 21, 2023 2:30pm-3:30pm
Location: LeConte 440
Host: Changhui Tan
More...
Cytoskeleton dynamics and underlying mechanisms of intracellular transport in live cells
Speaker: Keisha Cook (Clemson University)
Live cell imaging and single particle tracking techniques have become increasingly popular amongst the mathematical biology community. Lysosomes, known for endocytosis, phagocytic destruction, and autophagy, move about the cell along microtubules. Intracellular transport of lysosomes is carried out in membrane-bound vesicles by motor proteins. Single particle tracking methods utilize stochastic models to simulate intracellular transport and give rise to rigorous analysis of the resulting properties, specifically related to transitioning between inactive to active states. We find confidence in our methodology and develop a framework to understand how these properties play a role in determining an optimal frame rate for capturing live cells.
Biological systems are traditionally studied as isolated processes (e.g. regulatory pathways, motor protein dynamics, transport of organelles, etc.). Although more recent approaches have been developed to study whole cell dynamics, integrating knowledge across biological levels remains largely unexplored. In experimental processes, we assume that the state of the system is unknown until we sample it. Many scales are necessary to quantify the dynamics of different processes. These may include a magnitude of measurements, multiple detection intensities, or variation in the magnitude of observations. The interconnection between scales, where events happening at one scale are directly influencing events occurring at other scales, can be accomplished using mathematical tools for integration to connect and predict complex biological outcomes. In this work we focus on building statistical inference methods to study the complexity of the cytoskeleton from one scale to another by relying on two main components facilitating intracellular transport; that is microtubule network organization and cargo transport.
Time: April 14, 2023 2:30pm-3:30pm
Location: LeConte 118
Host: Paula Vasquez
Fiber coating dynamics: theory, algorithm, and applications
Speaker: Hangjie Ji (North Carolina State University)
Thin liquid films flowing down vertical fibers spontaneously exhibit complex interfacial dynamics, creating irregular wavy patterns and traveling liquid droplets. Such fiber coating dynamics is a fundamental component in many engineering applications, including mass and heat exchangers for thermal desalination and water vapor and particle capture. Through experiments and mathematical modelling, we demonstrate that flow regime transitions can be triggered by varying inlet geometries. Theoretical predictions, based on a full lubrication model and a weighted residual integral boundary-layer model, explain the experimentally observed velocity and stability of traveling droplets and their transition to isolated droplets. By coupling with the Marangoni effects, a similar regime transition can also be triggered by imposing a temperature field along the fiber. Using regularization techniques and a priori estimates for energy-entropy functionals, we prove the existence of non-negative weak solutions for a fiber coating PDE model and analytically study the traveling wave solutions. We will conclude by presenting our recent results on developing positivity-preserving numerical methods and optimal control for fiber coating dynamics.
Time: April 7, 2023 2:30pm-3:30pm
Location: LeConte 440
Host: Siming He and Changhui Tan
Infinitely many solutions to the isentropic system of gas dynamics
Speaker: Cheng Yu (University of Florida)
In this talk, I will discuss the non-uniqueness of global weak solutions to the isentropic system of gas dynamics. In particular, I will show that for any initial data belonging to a dense subset of the energy space, there exists infinitely many global weak solutions to the isentropic Euler equations for any \(1 < \gamma \leq 1 + 2/n\). The proof is based on a generalization of convex integration techniques and weak vanishing viscosity limit of the Navier-Stokes equations. This talk is based on the joint work with M. Chen and A. Vasseur.
Time: March 31, 2023 2:30pm-3:30pm
Location: LeConte 440
Host: Siming He and Changhui Tan
Pressure robust scheme for incompressible flow
Speaker: Lin Mu (University of Georgia)
In this talk, we shall introduce the recent development regarding the pressure robust finite element method (FEM) for solving incompressible flow. We shall take weak Galerkin (WG) scheme as the example to demonstrate the proposed enhancement technique in designing the robust numerical schemes and then illustrate the extension to other finite element methods. Weak Galerkin (WG) Method is a natural extension of the classical Galerkin finite element method with advantages in many aspects. For example, due to its high structural flexibility, the weak Galerkin finite element method is well suited to most partial differential equations on the general meshing by providing the needed stability and accuracy. Due to the viscosity and pressure independence in the velocity approximation, our scheme is robust with small viscosity and/or large permeability, which tackles the crucial computational challenges in fluid simulation. We shall discuss the details in the implementation and theoretical analysis. Several numerical experiments will be tested to validate the theoretical conclusion.
Time: March 17, 2023 2:30pm-3:30pm
Location: Virtually via Zoom
Host: Lili Ju